Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize for economic science, was born on July 31, 1912 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the forth and last child of Sarah Ethel and Jeno Saul Friedman. Friedman was known as an American economist and as a public intellectual who made major contributions throughout his lifetime to the fields that were related to macroeconomics, microeconomics, economic history as well as its statistics.Friedman’s family was a typical working class family of Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. They lived in the United States and his family’s income was small and highly uncertain since it drastically varied from time to time. There was always a financial crisis at stake and change was a constant companion for them. However, there was always enough love, warmth, and food to feed the whole family.Along with his sister, he attended a public elementary and secondary school where he graduated from Rahway High School in 1928 before his 16th b irthday. Unfortunately his mother and two older sisters were in charge of supporting the family when Friedman’s father passed away during his senior year in high school. Friedman knew very well that his future was up to himself and he had to put double the effort to be able to finance everything himself.When he attended the Rutgers University, he was awarded with a competitive scholarship which helped him along the way allowing him to grate in 1932. Friedman personally states that he was, â€Å"†¦financing the rest of his college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting on tables, clerking in a retail store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings.†[1] At first when the attended the university, he was specializing in mathematics with the sole purpose of becoming an actuary, but after failing several examinations, he started becoming more interested and intrigued in economics and eventually, he ended up majoring in both fields.It was later on in 19 46 when the Columbia University awarded him a Ph.D, allowing him to serve as a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago one year later. He contributed in building a helpful intellectual community that produced a number of Nobel Prize winners that were later known as the Chicago School of Economics. Friedman also developed the Theory of the Consumption Function and along with the assistance of Simon Kuznets, they joined together to public Incomes from Independent Professional Practice. This book served as his doctoral dissertation at Colombia University, but they were not allowed to publish it 1940 and they had to wait after the war because the book created controversy since it introduced the concepts of permanent and transitory incomes.Like mentioned before, Friedman won the Nobel Prize in Economics for, â€Å"his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity analysis, monetary history and theo ry and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.†[2] He was married to Rose Director in 1938 and she was the co-author of many of his books. They also had two children named Janet and David. David is now a philosopher and an economist just like his father. Milton Friedman died on November 16, 2006, at the age of 94 in San Francisco, California because of a severe heart failure.Nowadays, he is known as one of two most influential economists of the 20th century. In 1962, he published another book titled Capitalism and Freedom, where he demonstrated his support for minimizing the role of government in a free market promoting political as well as social freedom. Friedman has explained how the free market works revealing and explaining to others that this system, as opposed to any other, has been able to solve both social and political problems that have been adequately addressed. His book was published worldwide reaching to the hands of people that lived in a communist country.Friedman’s strong passion for freedom and liberty has influenced a lot of people, more than what he could have even imagined. His writings along with his ideas and speeches have reached the ears and minds of many US presidents, leaders around the world, entrepreneurs, students, and citizens of many countries.He was a member of the Reagan’s Economic Policy Advisory Board and with his theory of monetarism; he showed everyone his moral vision of life. He clarified to everyone that nation should be composed of free men and women, with freedom of choice, where the government is not necessarily authorized to override citizens decisions. Despite the fact that Friedman knew that his theories was attacked by many traditional economists, he still showed that he strongly favored a policy of steady and moderate growth in the money supply of the economy. He also opposed wage and price controls and criticized the FED for trying so hard to tune the economy.Through out Milton Friedman’s lifetime, he was written many famous books and among some of them were: Price Theory (1962), Capitalism and Freedom (1962), An Economist’s Protest (1972), There is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch (1975), and Free to Choose (1979). He also won many aware such as the John Bate Clark Medal in 1951, the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1976, the National Medal of Science in 1988, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom the same year. It can be seen that Friedman was an outspoken economist that influenced the lives of many others by defending and promoting his true beliefs in what and how a successful economy should really look like.Work CitedMilton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976 2006.Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-Winning Economist, Dies at 94. The New York Times. November 16, 2006.[1] Milton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976. 2006

Food Important Aspect In Our Lives Essay

Food an important aspect in our lives has always been affected by the way we distribute it. With proper channels we will be satisfied by our actions; we will all either benefit or loose. In the event that there is food shortage followed by poor distribution of whatever is available it leads to persistent starvations and can lead to death. In December 27, 2002 Mason Booth a Red Cross Organization staff writer wrote and I quote â€Å"There is nothing growing. Looking around the entire land is dry and barren. We only have enough food for the most severely affected people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ How many more are going to die until we have enough to feed you all? † From the report reading further we find out that the starvation at large results from lack of food situation. From this example of the report we discover that famine is a situation of chronic starvation and death. Like the conditions in Malawi, though several factors contribute to the situations are one and most important primary reason was a prolonged drought that withered harvests hence resulting to vast food shortages. The regions conditions at that moment were the worst, in the Southern Africa. Not only does the weather conditions affect productivity other factors have at large contributed to this situation. For instance, we get to know how famine is fueled by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In this region where at that moment HIV/AIDS prevalence rates were the highest and some countries more than 30% of the adult population was infected. It impacted on security where even if it’s a rainy season there is no good in preparation, nurturing and harvesting because there is no body to do this. There is also the question the rising demand for food between the population growth rates and death rate. There is more demand for food than the production rate or supplies can meet. In most cases natural calamities also are causes of famine and starvation as it is unfolded. 4Eugene Linden, The Winds of Change: Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006 58-67). Despite progress in taking up the right preventive measures the dire social and economic consequences are for a fragile nation-state felt in all aspects of life. 7(Poku, Nana and Whiteside Alan. The Political Economy of AIDS in Africa: Africa’s silent crisis / Nana K. Poku AIDS-related famine in Africa: questioning assumptions and developing frameworks / Alex de Waal Cultural hazards facing young people in the era of HIV/AIDS: specificity and change / Carolyn Baylies HIV/AIDS: the †¦ , New York: Publishing, Ltd. , 2004 38). We know that without food there is no peace of the mind hence many of the crises around. There is no end in sight to global food shortages and multiple crises from climate changes and energy and water scarcity. This has always intensified. 2William A. Dando, The Geography of Famine. (Haven: V. H. Winston, 1980 147-148) With the world’s population growing towards 9 billion by year 2050 demand for food is forecasted to rise to approximately 110% spread over the same period and beyond. At the same time due to global warming it has a negative impact in to the supply of fresh waters that are available to humans and for the crops. Poverty is also a factor to consider because of the developing world where people can not access or obtain adequate nutritional food for their families. Economically the constant securing of food consumes valuable time and energy of the people hence allowing less time to increase their productivity. 1Lisa Cliggett, Grains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa, (Washington, D. C: Cornell University Press, 2005). (97-99) With reference to the Asian, African and Latin American countries an approximate of 500 million people under what the World Bank describes as absolute poverty. In addition the breakdown in distribution mechanisms of food has also contributed at large. War situations have been a major factor. Citing an example of North Africa and Middle East it’s evident that war torn areas suffer greatly from shortages of food which eventually leads to famine and starvation. For instance massive human rights abuses in Sudan and most parts in that region have been reported as the major cause of famine. It is estimated that three million Sudanese food securities was destroyed by civil war and drought any they eventually became sufferers to this crisis. Due to human displacement, there are no serious agricultural activities and productivity reduces due to shift of focus in productivity to war. To date and more than two decades of civil clash and three years of severe drought, Sudan is still teetering on the brink of a severe food crisis. While the food stocks deteriorate and water boreholes drying up the conflict shows no signs of recovery. Countries are crippled by civil wars, drought, poverty, forced migrations, debt and poverty, forced migrations, debt and poverty. This in general has reduced the productivity rate due to labor shortages, volatile national security, erosion of the economic family bases and massive and insupportable demands on health and public services. 6Sorokin, Pitirim. Man and Society in Calamity: The Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization and Culture Life. Toronto: E. P Dutton, 1942. 46-52). Moreover, using the example of Tibet during 1960-62 as a result of the Chinese invasion of 1950. There was food crisis. This is as a result of increase in the population and the changes imposed on Tibetan traditional agricultural production systems. The socio economic conditions in most regions or continent did not favor the Tibetians as a result of the Chinese government invasion. 3Frances, Joseph and Peter, World Hunger: 12 Myths, (Chicago: Earthscan, 1998 43-62) The Chinese Authority on their urge to develop Tibet economically required the peasants to switch crops to wheat, which never grew at 1200 feet height. As a result Tibetans died between 1959 -1961 as a result of persistent starvation. Failure of entitlements is a major cause of food crisis. For incidence as a result of Chinese invasions there were no humane relations due to Chinese policies. Although the traditional feudal system in Tibet seemed archaic to the Chinese who wanted to modernize the country and make use of it, it was in harmony with their environment. Resources can be scarce but famine and starvation can never be hard off if there are good distribution systems. The desire of the Chinese to wipe out the Tibet people lied to in equal distribution of food and resources. Citing another example of the My Lai Massacre that in the war in Vietnam. If compared to developing countries, at the moment developing countries are starving to death and the developed countries are getting worried of which kind of food should they buy or not, whether to eat or not. However, notable facts are that starvation results from both lack of food and from a continuous breakdown of distribution mechanisms. 4(Eugene Linden 194) Malnutrition and under nutrition which are the symptoms of starvation are generally caused by poverty. Globally if we compare massive surplus exists in Europe and the United States while the developing worlds have nothing. It is note able that there is lack of a proper distribution channel or mechanism. Developed countries have proper markets and produce high yields for their markets while developing countries agriculture is lacking from untreated diseases, food shortage, bad hygiene low capital and income inputs. This calls for a concern in the ways of productivity. 5Ronald E. Seavoy. Famine in East Africa: Food Production and Food Policies, (Washington, D. C: Greenwood Press, 1989. (82-84) Special attention has to be paid to the importance of increasing food production and productivity and open more clear distribution mechanisms without being controlled on other guidelines so as food can be made available affordable and quality. This in conclusion is to say the developed countries must pursue economic goals without the current levels of unacceptable environmental damage to themselves and other nations. Starvation resulted from both the lack of food and breakdown in distribution due to prevailing circumstantial situations. Further more, from history in Ireland between1845-1852 what in the modern world is called the great starvation of Ireland. Though the people of Ireland have suffered many hardships none could be compared to the devastation brought by the Irish potato famine. The disaster in the badly managed land was caused by the supremely wicked climate that the country was experiencing during that time, which had been fuelled by a mixture of social, political and the economic factors pushing it to the end. 4((Eugene Linden 196). The intentional by use of phytophora infestans from Europe and America led to these destructions. ((Eugene Linden 199). The following winter became unbearable for the already starving nation. The warranty of warmer air brought around by the westerly winds failed letting severe environmental conditions from Scandinavia and Russia and the severe cold failed, letting severe cold conditions from Scandinavia and Russia surpass the Ireland Island. Bad weather had its own share of bad effects ranging from malnutrition freezing temperatures aided in the spread of disease and ultimately death among the nation of Ireland. Diseases, starvations all contributed to more loss of manpower thus a reduction in productivity. 3(Frances, and Peter ,202-205) Death toll was on the higher side thus it was never recorded and the estimated number of deaths resulting from starvation was only estimated to be 1. 5 million people. Lack of proper medical administration and crop diseases control had resulted to this loss where mechanisms of distribution production have failed. This resulted to rise in the mortality rate up to 50% if there are no people who are going to be productive in future. This means there is no continuality hence more food shortages combining with other factors it would lead to starvation. During this disastrous time, the beginning of the starvation are said to be a â€Å"biometeorological phenomenon†. Developed countries like the British government who were expected to look upon the matter were slow and insignificant to no response. The economic policies that existed were unhelpful and the British parliament refused to make adjustments to provide for a national disaster. No food was offered to the starving people as along as there was food for sale. The economic polices that existed were unhelpful and the British parliament refused to make adjustment to provide for a national disaster. The relief food aid supplies from other countries could not reach their destination for the ships carrying them were intercepted before they could reach the badly hit situations. It emerged that there were divisions among Christians where Catholics were condemned by the peasants who had been forced to do so by the Protestants and could therefore not get food. Others were died of starvation due to water retention and lack of adequate nutrition. During this time of poor health living conditions promoted spread of diseases and all efforts were halted to finance improvements in long term seed distribution. Food storage entitlement was denied for the Irelands. Death rate during these predicaments had increased making the situations worse and by this time many had fled their country though came some kind of relief, and by this time another winter had come and gone, but in the year 1851 the famine subsided though majority remained at high risk. Social economic and political factors are that there were many repressive society conditions under which the Irish peasants were forced to hire with and as a result became dependant on one single source. Under colonialist each item that could be affordable became extremely expensive. ((Eugene Linden 202). Conclusion If the two major factors are combined using the various cited examples they are results to starvation and lead to other human death related conditions that cannot be avoided. In any case circumstances from one situation may change and could breakdown distribution channels of food or even land of proper healthcare. I feel that all factors and circumstances lead to one another with one result at the end. We should always watch our impacts in order to achieve a stable economy. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cligget, Lisa. Grains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa, Washington, D. C:Cornell University Press, 2005. Dando, William A. The Geography of Famine. Haven: V. H. Winston, 1980. Lappe, Francis M. , Collins, Peter and Rosset, Peter. World Hunger: 12 Myths, Chicago: Earthscan, 1998. Linden, Eugene. The Winds of Change: Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006. Seavoy, Ronald E. Famine in East Africa: Food Production and Food Policies, Washington, D. C: Greenwood Press, 1989. Sorokin, Pitirim. Man and Society in Calamity: The Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization and Culture Life. Toronto: E. P Dutton, 1942. Poku, Nana and Whiteside Alan. The Political Economy of AIDS in Africa: Africa’s silent crisis / Nana K. Poku AIDS-related famine in Africa: questioning assumptions and developing frameworks / Alex de Waal Cultural hazards facing young people in the era of HIV/AIDS: specificity and change / Carolyn Baylies HIV/AIDS: the †¦ , New York: Publishing, Ltd. , 2004

Application Of Nano Medicine In Various Fields Of Medicine

There isnt generally any area of medicine which couldnt benefit by the upsides of nano technology. The usage of nano materials enable imaging with an upgraded three-dimensional view by strategies for which particular sorts of tissue can be isolated more viably and the measure of distinction medium required can be reduced essentially. Characteristics, nucleic acids, proteins, particles and cell strategies can be distinctively changed electronically and optically with the guide of quantum spots, i.e. nanoparticles of semiconductor valuable stones. These photo probes convey brilliance 1,000 times more imperative than that of customary many-sided quality media and can be contrastingly balanced electronically and optically in light of their colossal security and brightness. The desires and wants for the characteristic potential results of nano medicine pivot around early distinguishing proof of ailments and inherited mentalities at the nuclear level with the guide of fundamental and effic ient quick tests and correct imaging techniques. Researchers are tackling instruments which are advantageous and decentralized and which require only the humblest measures of test for conclusion. The to an awesome degree downsized lab-on-a-chip technique fundamental for this is correct, efficient and of little weight to the patient. It can be used as a piece of the experts preparation and specialists offices and for keeping the spread of powerful diseases. Scientists are hopeful that nanotechnology applications will progress existing and develop new pharmaceuticals and systems for checking, controlling and assuaging diseases. Falsely made vaccinations against powerful illnesses and invulnerable framework contaminations, solutions can be taken by essentially taking in and more profitable possible pharmaceuticals of cardiovascular infections will be available. Creative work is going on centered transport of dynamic substances, affirmation of which is in every way possible now with the guide of nanotechnology. Biocompatible, round nano materials (for example polymers, liposomes or micelles) can be used as transporting administrators. Such vehicles in the unfilled inner parts of which dynamic substances can be transported and the surfaces of which can be furnished with sensors which perceive compound states or cell composes, diseases and distinctive pathogens add themselves to these and can release the dynamic substances to the target with out the including tissue being hurt. Nano medicine for early diagnosis of cancer One of the essential cause of deaths worldwide is cancer which accounts to 7.6 million persons (around 13 % everything being equivalent) in 2008.Countries of Western World and in the US are standing up to progressively the extended risk of development, which ought to be the second driving explanation behind death after heart-attack. There will be 15 million new occasions of tumor worldwide in 2020 as demonstrated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Most of the tumor related deaths occur by the spread of debilitating danger cells to major organs by a method called metastasis. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology associations are impacting package of research intrigues remembering the true objective to accommodate specific prescriptions that can pound fundamental and discretionary tumors, i.e. which result from metastasis to various organs. Nano technology in cancer treatment is currently a reality giving a huge variety of new instruments and potential results, from earlier restorative distinguishing strength and improved imaging to common, more capable, and more centered around medications. Development biomarkers are markers made by tumor cells spreading in the body and are typically used for malady acknowledgment which are at any rate introduce in too low obsessions to be successfully recognized in beginning times. Coordinated transport of specific nanoparticles into these tumor cells can start an area correspondence with illness cells which urges them to inside and out grow the production of these biomarkers. In like manner area ends up being therefore significantly less complex with biomarkers and can give an earlier investigation to authorities than biopsies. Ideal area of tumor allows brisk and less troublesome medicines moreover extending the chances of recovery. Appealing properties of iron oxide nanoparticles attach amazingly well to the tumors and make them appropriate imaging authorities with MRI-checks whereas their size and obsession in the tumor enable a high assurance and an exact mapping of wounds. Authorities would in this way have the capacity to rely upon thusly to pick and pick the cautious clearing of the tumor. Treating threat by show chemotherapy medicines or characteristics allows considerably more confined movement diminishing basically the measure of solutions devoured by the patient for ascend to influence and the responses on the incorporating strong tissues in the body. By nano medicine system nanoparticles can be implanted into the tumor and after that be established to make warm and pulverize danger cells either by appealing fields, X-pillars or light. Nano medicine for fighting diabetes Notwithstanding the way that diabetes is never again considered as a risky illness after the disclosure of insulin treatment it is up till now considered the fifth most typical explanation behind death in the U K. likewise diabetes is a disorder which significantly impacts patients close to home fulfillment and can even provoke genuine helper afflictions for instance visual debilitation and neuropathies. Nowadays two examples related to diabetes are conspicuous: An electrifying addition in the amount of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm a lifestyle and chubbiness related brokenness of glucose control The disease is as of now happening in earlier ages generally in the midst of pre-adulthood or from time to time in the midst of youthfulness while in the past it affected primarily the old people. Immature diabetes or type 1 diabetes t1dm is caused in light of the insusceptible framework induced complete decimation of insulin-conveying beta-cells in the exocrine organ. The drugs available at present require dependable imbuements of exogenous insulin a couple of times every day. Notwithstanding what may be normal starting time of t2dm can be managed by changes in eat less carbs by physical exercise and by drugs putting off the glucose take-up in blood. The different imbuements of insulin in late t2dm after weariness/pummeling of the beta cells and in t1dm impact patients close to home fulfillment since it is long meddlesome horrifying and along these lines basically striving for the youngsters. What’s more it doesn’t allow complete control over the glucose level which in the most negative situation can provoke neurologic or vascular issue. For a drawn-out period of time the principal look into in the fight against diabetes has in light of the progress of upgraded non-meddling watching and hormone association and furthermore the transplantation of islets in pancreas without invulnerable covering in t1dm-affected children. The use of nanotechnologies to decide therapeutic issues can give promising advances to help the individual fulfillment of diabetes patients. Acting at the nano scale with structures that are generally 10-100 times tinier than a body’s cell yet hardly greater than particles makes possible the treatment of this polygenic sickness at the sub-nuclear level. For instance ponder on the transport of hypoglycemic pro as nanoparticles inside the nose or into the lungs as a sprinkle or through the gastrointestinal tract as a pill are at the same time. In both the cases non-prominent and easy application courses are opened by crafted by nanoparticles. Furthermore tests are correct presently being driven o n nano materials worked with a glucose responsive covering which may go about as an insulin storeroom once mixed under the skin. Nano-based imaginative sensor systems are in like manner under research with the purpose of upgrading non-prominent or less meddlesome seeing of glucose level in the blood. As for a more present approach is a glucose-fragile tattoo. Likewise new safe protective nano-coatings can postpone the survival of transplanted pancreatic channels and guarantee them against the autoantibodies in t1dm patients. This approach concentrating on t1dm patients would enable them to experience a presence without safe suppressive drug. The desperation of continuous systems to fight this polygenic issue which transforms into a pandemic ailment and end up to an imperative shorter future 10 years in t2dm >20 years for t1dm and to high expenses for prosperity structures is unquestionable. Novel systems using moved nanotechnologies can deal with this test and will therefore be one of the key research subjects in the forthcoming EU framework program.

LET4 (Performance Evaluation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LET4 (Performance Evaluation) - Essay Example The ability to organize criteria normally falls in this category. c) Job result – in the case stated, this is the strongest trait of the engineer and his saving grace because he is able to do a job well despite faring poorly in this criteria. This is the ability of an employee to deliver expected work outcomes. a) Trait – traits are the intangible characteristics of an individual that will facilitate an employee to perform a good job. Traits like initiative, social skills and reliability are being factored in performance appraisals because this is one of the key attitudinal factors that get a job done. The 360 degrees performance appraisal which the engineer has been subjected to is the classic example of an evaluation where supervisors, peers and subordinates are included in the evaluation process. This provides an advantage of providing an employee a feedback and holistic perspective of his performance not only from the point of view of the superiors but also from co-workers and subordinates as well. In the process, an employee is given the opportunity to reconcile his perceived performance compared to the perceived performance of his peers and subordinates. The disadvantage of including supervisors, peers and subordinate in performance appraisal is that it can be subjected to human dynamics and relativity. In the case stated, the engineer who has been rated poorly in social interaction might have been a victim of this. It is human nature that those who are stand outs are not liked by its peers which could be the case of the engineer in the problem stated. In addition, subjective factors like personal resentment or sheer dislike of a particular individual may be factored in the evaluation process. As mentioned above, 360 degree appraisal involves not only the employee and his superior but also his peers and subordinates. This provides a holistic perspective

Incarceration Rates Disparity in Provincial and Federal Prisons Essay

Incarceration Rates Disparity in Provincial and Federal Prisons - Essay Example Less representation is registered among the white boys and other ethnic groups. Among girls, only the aboriginal communities have registered increased misrepresentation in the jails which are rated at 10 percent higher than other ethnic groups in the Ontario prisons. Statistics have indicated that indicated that over-representation of the Aboriginal people in the prisons has been on the increasing trend over the past 30 years. The statistics escalated after the Second World War and the trend has accelerated over the years. If the current trend is to continue, then the number of Aboriginal people under incarceration is likely to be higher than those out of prisons which are indeed a worrying trend. Despite the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act of 2003 that has seen a steady decrease in the number of incarcerations among the youths; the trend has not been witnessed among the aboriginal boys and girls. The provincial jails must rise and act on the increased number of deaths of black youths that has been witnessed lately through gunshots by police and other security agencies. This calls for a change of tactics on how security issues are to be handled in the country and that massive incarcerations is not the solution. International bodies such as the United Nations have expressed their concern about the need to reduce the increased overrepresentation of aboriginal and black races in the federal and provincial prisons. In Manitoba, similar situations seem to exist based on how the Aboriginal people are treated in relation to incarcerations. Despite the fact that they only form 12% of the entire province population, they dominate the jails and account for more than 0ne-half of the people who are incarcerated in the correctional centers at any given time. It is indeed very shocking that in a nation where justice is expected to be blind to racial differences only one ethnic group seem to dominate the prisons.  

Education of Students with disorders and disabilities Essay

Education of Students with disorders and disabilities - Essay Example The method used should be able to solve the problem for the student. The teacher should be able to comprehend the content first and then transform it to a form that is easy to grasp by the student (Alter, Brown and Pyle 2011). The method of teaching should enable the student to decode the problem and solve most of the problems. The individual performance of each student is necessary to enable the teacher to know the method that best suits each student. There are various strategies that include the draw a picture method, the guess and check method as well the making a table or chart method. For the guess and check strategy, the teacher should ask the students to make a guess from the information that he gives. The draw a picture strategy helps the students as it creates graphics in their minds that are important in comprehending what they are learning. The same aspect applies to the making a table or a chart method. These techniques can be used to teach both Math and English Language Arts. Using Phonemic games is also important especially in teaching English. It involves moving sound tokens for each sound segment. For example, reversing the word ‘cat’ to ‘tac’ and removing the first letter to read ‘at.’ Anyone can nurture the self-esteem and self-determination of students with special needs. Their self-advocacy skills can also be enhanced for them not to feel as though they are less worthy students. Below are some of the techniques that can help in boosting the self-esteem as well as enhancing the self-determination of these students. One of the ways you can nurture the self-esteem and self-determination of students with special needs is by recognizing and enhancing their talents. The reason this is important is because not all students are talented academically. Whatever a student is gifted in, the teacher or parent should focus on that. You should also help the students to look beyond the school. Yes, it is

The growth of debt among young American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The growth of debt among young American - Essay Example (Economic Crisis, 71) The purpose of this research would be to determine the three most fundamental questions related to the aspect of growth of debt among young Americans. What is the social problem 2) What cause this social problem 3) What is the impact to the people of this social problem 4) What are some solutions regarding to this social problem One of the interests financial planners have would be in understanding how money attitudes can be related to both investment and savings behaviors. Financial counselors wish to understand the how and why students either intentionally or unintentionally get themselves into debt. The rapid rise in consumer credit card debt and personal bankruptcies causes concern with policy makers and this is one reason for the study. There is increasing evidence that credit card debt has contributed to the rise in family financial problems and personal bankruptcies (Brobeck, 45). In the quest to discover why consumer credit card use and debt are increasing it is important to understand an individual's attitudes towards credit, money and debt (Hayhoe, 645). The use of credit has becom... The use of credit has become almost a rite of passage for many collegiate students worldwide. The objective of this paper would be to study the attitudes of university students in the use of credit cards and the general use of money. The aim in actuality is to study the positive and negative credit card usage by University students and the reasons behind their usage or abuse. University students often are faced with a barrage of financial considerations including credit cards, financial institutions, student financing for educational purposes, part-time employment and other such financial decisions to manage. The research conducted would be inclusive of local collegiate students just beginning their tenure on campus and those that have been on campus for a year or more. Credit Cards have gained a lot of popularity in the United Kingdom and around the world. Most businesses use credit card services. The businesses, especially retail stores, have their own credit cards. They either have just a credit card for their store alone or they might have a Visa, MasterCard or even an American Express logo on it where the consumers can use that credit card no matter where they shop. In fact, if the businesses did not use credit cards they would lose a good chunk of money. This review will cover credit use and abuse, credit cards themselves, consumer decision making, consumer attitudes, adoption behavior, credit card debt and the viewpoint of credit card issuers and banks. Long term cardholders who carry a balance, pay late, and on occasion would surpass their credit limit, thus incurring additional fees, would in fact be the most

The Formation and Evolution of Sony Ericsson Alliance Assignment - 2

The Formation and Evolution of Sony Ericsson Alliance - Assignment Example The merger was also approved by the European and other regulatory authorities. The new company, headquartered at London, UK, envisaged total employee strength at the time of merger at 4000 of which Ericsson brought 2500 and balance contributed from Sony. The mission statement of the new company is to become the communication entertainment brand enabling everyone in creating and participating in entertainment experiences. The new company’s product line includes Mobile phones and handheld multimedia communication products. As per the data provided by International Data Corp (IDC), Nokia controlled 30.8 percent market, Motorola at 14.6 percent and Ericsson at 10 percent of market share in mobile market at the time of the merger. Thus, Ericsson’s market share is way below market leader Nokia. In forging the alliance, Ericsson had the benefit of access to Sony’s Japanese market, and Sony’s consumer experience particularly in digital screens, and Memory stick. Sony had the benefit of access to Ericsson base stations and 3G infrastructures. Moreover, Sony had access to Ericsson handset core technology and entry to US market. Informing a joint venture, Sony had the benefit of sharing Ericsson’s international telecommunication experience and chance to fill missing link in form of satellite, gateway, and phones. On the other hand, Ericsson had access to Sony’s design and production processes and facilities in China. Sony’s financial strength was in benefit to Ericsson in the long run. Research and development costs could be shared between the partners in the current competitive arena. Ericsson was categorical in its financial report of 2001 that Ericsson will have a chance of augmenting supply chain strength from Sony’s proven and established supplier resource base.

Analysis of the Airbus Strategies Adopted in Startup Case Study

Analysis of the Airbus Strategies Adopted in Startup - Case Study Example Airbus’ competitive offer to its customers was a strength because it rivaled established brands. This increased customers and improved Airbus market share in the aircraft industry. Similarly, pooling of financial and technological resources in four European countries in the manufacture of Airbus aircraft was a strength to Airbus. This gave the company the finances required to create a competitive advantage. The last strength was strong industry policy in Europe that favored the success of Airbus, translating to  £ 26 billion in subsidies that enabled the company recovery of 70 % enormous development costs. This improved competitiveness and efficiency of the Airbus, hence competed favorably with established global players, McDonald and Boeing. Two weaknesses plagued Airbus, loses due to discount pricing as a way to gain increased market share and lack of established reputation with airlines on safety, quality and maintenance in the earlier years of the company’s operations. This led to needing reduced prices, improved maintenance practices, and increased competitiveness by Airbus to overcome the weaknesses. The main threat to Airbus was a ready market for McDonald and Boeing from U.S. military equipment. This reduced Airbus competitiveness in the U.S. market due to superior sales and profits by McDonald and Boeing. Secondly, Mc Donald and Boeing control of the U.S. market was a threat to Airbus growth and ambitions of increased market share. A building of high-quality Airbus aircraft acted as an opportunity as it gave consumers an alternative to U.S. aircraft.  

Pluto Paper Essay Example for Free

Pluto Paper Essay Ever since grade school you were taught that our solar system has nine planets. Sadly that is no longer the case; in 2006 astronomers have decided that Pluto no longer qualifies as a planet. Pluto is now considered a â€Å"Dwarf Planet† and has caused a lot of controversy among astronomers. A dwarf planet is not even considered to be a planet, and there are projected to be hundreds of them in our galaxy. Pluto is being demoted to what amounts as a third class citizen in our galaxy. Thousands of textbooks will have to be revised and changed in our schools just because of this one change they made to our solar system. According to the new definition for a planet, a full-fledged planet is an object that orbits the sun and is large enough to have become round due to the force of its own gravity. In addition, a planet has to dominate the neighborhood around its orbit. The definition is flawed, relating to â€Å"clear the neighborhood†. Every 228 years Pluto crosses inside of the orbit of Neptune, so technically speaking, it does not clear its neighborhood. But that also means that Neptune does not clear its own neighborhood. Mars and Jupiter don’t clear their neighborhoods as they â€Å"interfere† with the Asteroids, and the Earth actually orbits the Sun with thousands of Asteroids. So the Earth doesn’t clear its own neighborhood either. So if we use the new definition, Pluto, Neptune, Jupiter, Mars, and the Earth, are not planets! Otherwise Pluto fits the definition for a planet; it is from a faulty definition that Pluto is no longer allowed to be a planet. Also, a body’s difficulty in clearing its orbit or the volume of space that it must clear increases dramatically its distance from the sun increases. Clearing is most difficult for Pluto, the furthest â€Å"planet† from the sun. Furthermore, why aren’t â€Å"Dwarf Planets† known as planets? Dwarf Stars are still stars, and Dwarf Galaxies are still galaxies. If it has the word â€Å"planet† in it why is it not a planet? One of the biggest problems with how Pluto got demoted from being a planet was the voting process. Although there are over 10,000 Astronomers in the International Astronomical Union, only 237 of them voted and approved this definition. Only 4% of the astronomer population voted, many of them felt they should have been able to vote electronically. Therefore, there was NOT a majority consensus of what a planet is. If people had to be at only one specific spot every time they voted for something I’m sure even our presidential votes would have changed because no one would want to vote. Hundreds of Astronomers around the world have signed petitions to ignore the new definition and still refer to Pluto as the ninth planet in our Solar System. They believe the definition of a planet is sloppy and needs to be drastically revised. If so many astronomers don’t agree with the decision, what gave them the right to change the definition and make Pluto no longer a planet? The demotion of Pluto is also going to hurt its research funding. No one wants to study it if it’s not important enough to be a planet. Discovered in 1930, Pluto orbits the Sun, has three moons, has an atmosphere, has weather, and even polar caps. It is not that much different than any of the other planets. It has been known as a planet for more than 75 years, and to change its status with a poor definition and process is bad science. Pluto has earned the right to be a planet; it has been for years and for a few men to say it’s not based on a bad definition is wrong. Pluto needs to be considered a planet again, who knows what they might try to change in our solar system next.

Phase Model of Globalization

Phase Model of Globalization The intention of this paper is to give an outline of the stages in the phase model of globalisation. It will talk about each of the four stages and some associated advantages and disadvantages with each. Also this paper will be looking at companies within Australia that represent each of the stages in the phase model. Introduction Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. (StateUniversityofNewYork)Globalisation is a defining word of our age and the way in which we live; globalisation affects people, companies, their workforce and consumers. It affects all aspects, not just of the corporate world, but transactional and cultural relationships generally and so affects how we live and how we interact, no matter where we live (Stanley J. Paliwoda 2009). Globalisation has been accelerated by falling trade barriers, the spread of free trade and trade harmonisation in an electronic age, bringing a reduction in the bureaucracy surrounding international trade and increased speed to the way in which communications relay changes anywhere in the world (Stanley J. Paliwoda 2009). There are four stages in the phase model of globalisation they are Export ing, Cooperative contracts, Strategic alliances and Wholly owned affiliates (McWilliams 2010). In the following paper all four stages will be analysed and using Australian companies who operate at each stage the risks and major disadvantages will be identified and outlined. Body With todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s more and more globalised world the yearly value of global trade in the form of exports and imports is expected to exceed $12 trillion. In most recent years world trade has consistently grown at a more rapid rate than world productivity (BusinessVictoria 2008). The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country, in summary it means selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries (McWilliams 2010) the main risks with exporting are high financial costs, ever increasing trade barriers, and greater political, legal and cultural complexity. An example of an Australian company that uses exporting is the iconic Australian swimwear brand Speedo who export their items to countries such as UK, Japan, France, Italy and Germany (Speedo 2010), also many other well known Australian fashion designers such as Lisa Ho, sass bide and Ksubi (AustralianGovernment 2010 ) have increased the exportation of their designs and lines internationally over the past decade. The next phase in the model is known as cooperative contracts and it comprises of two commonly used types; Licensing and Franchising. Licensing is an agreement in which a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce the licensorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s product, sell its service or use its brand name in a specified foreign market (McWilliams 2010). The use of licensing in industry can open up gaps for risks to occur, such as the licensor giving up control over the quality of the product or the service sold by the foreign licensee also licensees can eventually become competitors, especially when a licensing agreement includes access to important technology or proprietary knowledge. In Australia Telstra is a main company which is using licensee stores, the Telstra Licensed shops (Telstra 2010) can be located in all major cities and shopping centres. A business or company also has the option of franchising; th is is a collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licences the entire business to another person or organisation, the franchisee (McWilliams 2010). Compared to licensing its risks are more numerous; at the end of the franchise term, the franchisor is not obliged to renew the franchise, in which case the business and its goodwill revert to the franchisor. Some franchises have restrictions in place which means you are limited where you may operate and/or promote your business; franchisees generally have to operate the business according to the franchisors operations manual. In Australia we have many well known franchised companies one being The Coffee Club which has 270 stores across Australia, New Zealand and Thailand (Reed 2010)and the popular chain of Healthy Habits which now has 32 stores nationally (Reed 2010) The Strategic alliance phase is an agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risk, technology and people (McWilliams 2010). Strategic alliances are becoming more and more prominent in the global economy, more than 20,000 corporate alliances have been formed worldwide over the past two years, and the number of alliances in the USA has grown by 25 percent each year since 1987 (Elmuti and Kathawala 2001). There are four types of strategic alliances; joint ventures, equity strategic alliance, non-equity strategic alliance, and global strategic alliances. The most common form of strategic alliance is joint ventures which involve two or more companies or individuals in a partnership for a particular purpose (Bambi Faivre Walters 2008-2010). The more valuable the complementary assets held by a local firm, the more likely a foreign firm will choose a joint venture as a means by which to enter a host market (Chiao, Lo et al. 2006). Some major disadvantages with this stage are ; the overcoming of language and cultural barriers, clash of egos and company cultures, dealing with conflicting objectives, strategies, corporate values, and ethical standards and the time consuming for managers in terms of communication, trust-building, and coordination costs (Ellay 2009). A recent joint venture was the merger of Vodaphone and 3 mobile who now fall under the joint company of VHA. VHA markets its products and services under the Vodafone brand, but retains exclusive rights to use the 3 brand in Australia (Gedda 2009) Wholly owned affiliates is the final phase in the model, these companies are foreign offices, facilities and manufacturing plants that are 100% owned by the parent company (McWilliams 2010). There is a distinct primary advantage to this which is that the parent company receives all of the profits and has complete control over the foreign facilities, but the biggest disadvantage to the use of this phase in business is the expense of building new operations or buying existing businesses, this is phase is also commonly referred to as build or buy. In situations of non-firm-specific assets, joint ventures are superior to wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are highly exposed to environmental uncertainty. In situations involving firm-specific assets, wholly-owned subsidiaries may reduce the risks of delay and opportunistic behaviour by partners in uncertain environment (Chiao, Lo et al. 2006). Mitsui EP Australia Pty Ltd (MEPAU) is an example of Australian company that is wholly owned affili ates. It is a 100% affiliated company of Mitsui Co., Ltd and Mitsuià ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s main investments are largely in the Australian and New Zealand energy sector (Mitsui 2010). While the payoff can be enormous if wholly owned affiliates succeed, the losses can be immense if they fail, because the parent company assumes all of the risk (McWilliams 2010) Conclusion In summary, all of the four stages in the phase model of globalisation have immense impact on how businesses and companies evolve through time. Some businesses may choose not to follow the phase model step by step, they can opt to skip stages on the way; there are also a majority of businesses choosing not to follow this phase model at all (McWilliams 2010). At first, globalisation was about taking advantage of minor expenses in offshore destinations, but now thriving globalisers recognise the additional major advantages to this and are taking on these advantages, where unsuccessful organisations are not. Each stage or phase of the model inherent its own levels of risks; but to make sure there is successful implementation of these phases requires conscientious planning, and also requires continuing management, and strong dedication from the business and organisation leaders.